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= Lesson 11 - Fats In The Diet =

= Lesson 11 - Fats In The Diet =

PDF pages 263-281

'''[[The Role Of Minerals In Human Nutrition|Back - Lesson 10]] - PDF pages 264-281 - [[Life Science Health System - T.C. Fry|Table of Contents]] - [[The Role Of Acid And Alkaline Substances Within The Body|Next - Lesson 12]]'''

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

While fats may supply twice the caloric energy of carbohydrates, we find that they must undergo a longer digestive process before they are ready for an essentially carbohydrate metabolism. In general, carbohydrates do a more efficient job of providing the body with readily usable fuel. Fats are valuable in that they may provide a form of stored energy, but strictly speaking, they are not a necessity in the diet as far as a fuel source goes.

While fats may supply twice the caloric energy of carbohydrates, we find that they must undergo a longer digestive process before they are ready for an essentially carbohydrate metabolism. In general, carbohydrates do a more efficient job of providing the body with readily usable fuel. Fats are valuable in that they may provide a form of stored energy, but strictly speaking, they are not a necessity in the diet as far as a fuel source goes.

Fats, however, are usually more extensively stored within the body than are carbohydrates and may be converted into fuel when the body’s carbohydrate reserves are depleted. In fact, this is exactly what occurs when a person goes on a diet, fasts, or is exposed to extremely cold weather. As the stored carbohydrate reserves in the liver are exhaust- ed, the body’s fat reserves are metabolized for a new supply.  It should be understood that these fat reserves in the body do not simply come from the fat that is eaten in the diet. When an excess of carbohydrates is eaten, it is converted by the body into fat and stored.  In this way, the body can store and use fat without having a large amount of fat in the diet. The fat deposits could be viewed as a carbohydrate bank, where deposits and withdrawals are made as necessary.

Fats, however, are usually more extensively stored within the body than are carbohydrates and may be converted into fuel when the body’s carbohydrate reserves are depleted. In fact, this is exactly what occurs when a person goes on a diet, fasts, or is exposed to extremely cold weather. As the stored carbohydrate reserves in the liver are exhausted, the body’s fat reserves are metabolized for a new supply.  It should be understood that these fat reserves in the body do not simply come from the fat that is eaten in the diet. When an excess of carbohydrates is eaten, it is converted by the body into fat and stored.  In this way, the body can store and use fat without having a large amount of fat in the diet. The fat deposits could be viewed as a carbohydrate bank, where deposits and withdrawals are made as necessary.

We can see that fat within the body is an important energy and heat source, but strictly speaking, fat in the diet is not an essential outside source for this fuel.

We can see that fat within the body is an important energy and heat source, but strictly speaking, fat in the diet is not an essential outside source for this fuel.

The following wholesome foods contain the shown percentages of linoleic acid, the major fatty acid. In general, if the intake of linoleic acid in the diet is adequate, then all other fatty acid needs are also well satisfied.

The following wholesome foods contain the shown percentages of linoleic acid, the major fatty acid. In general, if the intake of linoleic acid in the diet is adequate, then all other fatty acid needs are also well satisfied.

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|Food % Linoleic Acid

|Food %

|Linoleic Acid

|-

|-

|English walnuts 40

|English walnuts

|40

|-

|-

|Sunflower seeds 30

|Sunflower seeds

|30

|-

|-

|Black walnuts 28

|Black walnuts

|28

|-

|-

|Sesame seeds 22

|Sesame seeds

|22

|-

|-

|Pumpkin/squash seeds 20

|Pumpkin/squash seeds  

|20

|-

|-

|Brazil nuts 17

|Brazil nuts

|17

|-

|-

|Pecans 14

|Pecans

|14

|-

|-

|Almonds 11

|Almonds

|11

|-

|-

|Filberts 10

|Filberts

|10

|-

|-

|Pistachios 10

|Pistachios  

|10

|-

|-

|Cashew nuts 3

|Cashew nuts

|3

|-

|-

|Avocados 2

|Avocados

|2

|-

|-

|Coconuts 1

|Coconuts

|1

|-

|-

|Raw sweet corn Trace

|Raw sweet corn

|}

|}

It is interesting to determine how much of the above foods would supply the 1% caloric intake of unsaturated fatty acids (in this case, linoleic acid). This is not to suggest that we accept this “1%” figure as an absolute or even as a necessity at all.

It is interesting to determine how much of the above foods would supply the 1% caloric intake of unsaturated fatty acids (in this case, linoleic acid). This is not to suggest that we accept this “1%” figure as an absolute or even as a necessity at all.

The great majority of all vegetable oils are heat-extracted. That is, they are raised to high temperatures in their manufacturing process in order to expel the oils from their vegetable sources. This heat causes a breakdown in the oil’s original composition which renders it nutritionally unfit.

The great majority of all vegetable oils are heat-extracted. That is, they are raised to high temperatures in their manufacturing process in order to expel the oils from their vegetable sources. This heat causes a breakdown in the oil’s original composition which renders it nutritionally unfit.

Even most of the so-called “cold-pressed” oils sold in health food stores have had a certain amount of heat applied. Although the amount of heat used in these “expeller- pressed” oils (which is really what they are instead of “cold-pressed”), is somewhat lower than conventional methods, it is still high enough to destroy the oil’s original composition. Usually, only olive oil and avocado oil have any chance of being extracted without heating methods of some kind.

Even most of the so-called “cold-pressed” oils sold in health food stores have had a certain amount of heat applied. Although the amount of heat used in these “expeller-pressed” oils (which is really what they are instead of “cold-pressed”), is somewhat lower than conventional methods, it is still high enough to destroy the oil’s original composition. Usually, only olive oil and avocado oil have any chance of being extracted without heating methods of some kind.

All free vegetable oils, with the exception of olive oil, have been added to the human diet only in the past hundred years. The human constitution is simply not adapted to handle these large quantities of free oils. .

All free vegetable oils, with the exception of olive oil, have been added to the human diet only in the past hundred years. The human constitution is simply not adapted to handle these large quantities of free oils. .

There are, of course, different fat contents in different foods. The following chart shows the fat content of foods natural to the human diet:

There are, of course, different fat contents in different foods. The following chart shows the fat content of foods natural to the human diet:

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|Food % of Fat (by Calories)

|Food

|% of Fat (by Calories)

|-

|-

|Fruits (Apple) 3

|Fruits (Apple)

|3

|-

|-

|Vegetables (Spinach) 15

|Vegetables (Spinach)

|15

|-

|-

|Mother’s milk 55

|Mother’s milk

|55

|-

|-

|Avocados 77

|Avocados

|77

|-

|-

|Seeds (Sesame) 70

|Seeds (Sesame)

|70

|-

|-

|Coconut (Mature) 79

|Coconut (Mature)

|79

|-

|-

|Nuts (Hazelnut) 81

|Nuts (Hazelnut)

|81

|}

|}

=== Nuts, Seeds and Avocados As High-Fat Sources ===

=== Nuts, Seeds and Avocados As High-Fat Sources ===

Nuts and seeds that are fresh, un-roasted and unsalted are acceptable high-fat foods. If digestion permits, these should be eaten fresh in their whole state. If used as a nut butter or dressing, they should be made at home immediately before eating. All manufactured nut and seed butters, even those labeled as “raw,” undergo some degree of oxidation and become somewhat rancid.

Nuts and seeds that are fresh, un-roasted and unsalted are acceptable high-fat foods. If digestion permits, these should be eaten fresh in their whole state. If used as a nut butter or dressing, they should be made at home immediately before eating. All manufactured nut and seed butters, even those labeled as “raw,” undergo some degree of oxidation and become somewhat rancid.

Coconuts, although rich in saturated fats, may be added to the diet in small quantities and also combined with leafy green vegetables. Coconuts should not be combined with fruits, as is sometimes done, to avoid fermentation of the fruits.

Coconuts, although rich in saturated fats, may be added to the diet in small quantities and also combined with leafy green vegetables. Coconuts should not be combined with fruits, as is sometimes done, to avoid fermentation of the fruits.

Avocados are another wholesome high-fat food. They are best eaten with non-starchy vegetables. The nutritive value of an avocado and nuts is quite similar; the avocado sim- ply has a higher water content.

Avocados are another wholesome high-fat food. They are best eaten with non-starchy vegetables. The nutritive value of an avocado and nuts is quite similar; the avocado simply has a higher water content.

=== Olives as food ===

=== Olives as food ===

=== Recommendations ===

=== Recommendations ===

Although no specific amounts of these foods are recommended, it should be noted that many practitioners of Natural Hygiene suggest that no more that three to four ounces of nuts or seeds be eaten daily or no more than one avocado. The body appears to have difficulty in handling much larger amounts. Of course, this also means that one may certainly eat less than these amounts or no amount whatsoever. These are not recommendations for eating these foods daily, but suggestions that these foods should be consumed in limited amounts.

Although no specific amounts of these foods are recommended, it should be noted that many practitioners of Natural Hygiene suggest that no more than three to four ounces of nuts or seeds be eaten daily or no more than one avocado. The body appears to have difficulty in handling much larger amounts. Of course, this also means that one may certainly eat less than these amounts or no amount whatsoever. These are not recommendations for eating these foods daily, but suggestions that these foods should be consumed in limited amounts.

== Questions & Answers ==

== Questions & Answers ==

As mentioned before, some authorities feel that cholesterol above 140 can begin to produce hardening of the arteries. The above study may therefore be significant in explaining why lacto-ovo vegetarians may develop hardening of the arteries.   

As mentioned before, some authorities feel that cholesterol above 140 can begin to produce hardening of the arteries. The above study may therefore be significant in explaining why lacto-ovo vegetarians may develop hardening of the arteries.   

Although lacto-ovo vegetarians have lessened their risks of heart diseases and hardening of the arteries due to omitting meat in their diet, they nevertheless would improve their risks by eliminating or at least minimizing some of the dairy products such as but- ter, as the fat is no longer in its soluble form.   

Although lacto-ovo vegetarians have lessened their risks of heart diseases and hardening of the arteries due to omitting meat in their diet, they nevertheless would improve their risks by eliminating or at least minimizing some of the dairy products such as butter, as the fat is no longer in its soluble form.   

On the other hand, neither is milk desirable, especially regular commercial milk, be- cause it has been pasteurized and homogenized at high heat and enriched with vitamin D (which is really a hormone, like a steroid). Protein-fortified milk is especially undesirable, as it has been fortified with dry milk, and even nonfat milk contains cholesterol.   

On the other hand, neither is milk desirable, especially regular commercial milk, because it has been pasteurized and homogenized at high heat and enriched with vitamin D (which is really a hormone, like a steroid). Protein-fortified milk is especially undesirable, as it has been fortified with dry milk, and even nonfat milk contains cholesterol.   

Cholesterol oxidizes when dried, and it may actually produce cholesterol. Dried milk or any dried animal product should be omitted from the diet.   

Cholesterol oxidizes when dried, and it may actually produce cholesterol. Dried milk or any dried animal product should be omitted from the diet.   

=== Gallstones  ===

=== Gallstones  ===

Prairie dogs have been used to study the effects of different types of fats and cho- lesterol in producing gallstones. On a high-fat diet, the prairie dogs seemed to develop gallstones easily. When they were placed on a diet that was low in fat and cholesterol, the gallstones dissolved.   

Prairie dogs have been used to study the effects of different types of fats and cholesterol in producing gallstones. On a high-fat diet, the prairie dogs seemed to develop gallstones easily. When they were placed on a diet that was low in fat and cholesterol, the gallstones dissolved.   

Gallstones in humans do not seem to be limited to high saturated fat content in the diet. Dr. R. A. L. Sturdement reported a significant increase in gallstones in men fed a diet that was rich in safflower oil. Dr. T. Osuga wrote that corn oil alone, without cho- lesterol in the diet, produced gallstones.   

Gallstones in humans do not seem to be limited to high saturated fat content in the diet. Dr. R. A. L. Sturdement reported a significant increase in gallstones in men fed a diet that was rich in safflower oil. Dr. T. Osuga wrote that corn oil alone, without cholesterol in the diet, produced gallstones.   

=== Cancer  ===

=== Cancer  ===

According to Dr. R. K. Bout well, the stimulating effect of fat on the rate of formation of certain types of tumors is well established. Dr. Pickney, previously mentioned in regard to polyunsaturates in the diet and its relation to heart disease, also wrote about the epidemiological association between a diet high in polyunsaturates and the increased incidence of cancer, especially gastric, in humans. He discussed his research in the American Health Journal showing that 78% of the people who used more polyunsaturated fat also showed marked clinical signs of premature aging. In addition, they looked much older than their chronological age. In the same group, 60% reported that they had had at least one or more skin lesions removed because of suspected malignancy after having altered their dietary fat.

According to Dr. R. K. Bout well, the stimulating effect of fat on the rate of formation of certain types of tumors is well established. Dr. Pickney, previously mentioned in regard to polyunsaturates in the diet and its relation to heart disease, also wrote about the epidemiological association between a diet high in polyunsaturates and the increased incidence of cancer, especially gastric, in humans. He discussed his research in the American Health Journal showing that 78% of the people who used more polyunsaturated fat also showed marked clinical signs of premature aging. In addition, they looked much older than their chronological age. In the same group, 60% reported that they had had at least one or more skin lesions removed because of suspected malignancy after having altered their dietary fat.

Dr. Ernest Winder of the American Health Foundation states that both epidemiologic and animal data suggests that colon cancer is due largely to high fat consumption. (Re- fined foods lacking in bulk and fiber also have been linked to bowel cancer, and studies made in Japan have correlated high fat diets with cancer of the breast in women—Veg. Times Ed.)  Dr. Bauman, in the American Journal of Cancer, showed that an increase in the fat content of the diet accelerated the appearance of tumors caused by ultraviolet radiation.

Dr. Ernest Winder of the American Health Foundation states that both epidemiologic and animal data suggests that colon cancer is due largely to high fat consumption. (Refined foods lacking in bulk and fiber also have been linked to bowel cancer, and studies made in Japan have correlated high fat diets with cancer of the breast in women—Veg. Times Ed.)  Dr. Bauman, in the American Journal of Cancer, showed that an increase in the fat content of the diet accelerated the appearance of tumors caused by ultraviolet radiation.

Dr. Bausch repeated the study using corn oil and got the same results. Ultraviolet light is found in sunlight. The current understanding is that excessive exposure to ultraviolet light is responsible for skin cancer, when in fact, as these studies show, the true culprit may be a high-fat diet in combination with ultraviolet light.

Dr. Bausch repeated the study using corn oil and got the same results. Ultraviolet light is found in sunlight. The current understanding is that excessive exposure to ultraviolet light is responsible for skin cancer, when in fact, as these studies show, the true culprit may be a high-fat diet in combination with ultraviolet light.

Our bodies are designed to eat a low-fat diet. When we add extra fat to the natural diet, we start to gum up the beautiful machinery we were given. There is an abundance of natural fat in the unrefined grains, legumes and other vegetables that more than meets our need for fat in the diet. It is impossible to get a fatty acid deficiency if whole grains, legumes and other vegetables are included in the diet; it is not necessary to add any extracted oil to provide the fat that is needed in the diet. Because our bodies were designed to eat a low-fat diet, a high-fat diet will cause nothing but trouble, whether the fat is of animal or vegetable origin. Probably the biggest proof we have that a low-fat diet is essential is the miracle that happens in patients lives when they are placed on a diet free from margarine, mayonnaise, grease and oil of all kinds.

Our bodies are designed to eat a low-fat diet. When we add extra fat to the natural diet, we start to gum up the beautiful machinery we were given. There is an abundance of natural fat in the unrefined grains, legumes and other vegetables that more than meets our need for fat in the diet. It is impossible to get a fatty acid deficiency if whole grains, legumes and other vegetables are included in the diet; it is not necessary to add any extracted oil to provide the fat that is needed in the diet. Because our bodies were designed to eat a low-fat diet, a high-fat diet will cause nothing but trouble, whether the fat is of animal or vegetable origin. Probably the biggest proof we have that a low-fat diet is essential is the miracle that happens in patients lives when they are placed on a diet free from margarine, mayonnaise, grease and oil of all kinds.

Diseases that are caused by artherosclerosis are markedly proved. The world of med- ical research is only now discovering the tremendous power in a natural vegetarian diet. Editorial Note: Grains and legumes are not needed in the diet to assure enough fat and essential fatty acids. Fruits, nuts, seeds and avocado's all contain plenty.

Diseases that are caused by atherosclerosis are markedly proved. The world of medical research is only now discovering the tremendous power in a natural vegetarian diet. Editorial Note: Grains and legumes are not needed in the diet to assure enough fat and essential fatty acids. Fruits, nuts, seeds and avocado's all contain plenty.

== Article #2: Fats In The Diet By Marti Fry ==

== Article #2: Fats In The Diet By Marti Fry ==

The subject of fats in the diet is one that receives little attention, especially compared to the attention it should receive! Along with refined sugar and flour chemicals, all of which are very anti-vital and disease-causing, fats should be listed. This is not to say that all fats are very toxic. But it is to say that the only ones that aren’t are those contained in raw (uncooked, unheated) natural foods to which humans are biologically adapted to

The subject of fats in the diet is one that receives little attention, especially compared to the attention it should receive! Along with refined sugar and flour chemicals, all of which are very anti-vital and disease-causing, fats should be listed. This is not to say that all fats are very toxic. But it is to say that the only ones that aren’t are those contained in raw (uncooked, unheated) natural foods to which humans are biologically adapted to eating—avocado's, nuts and seeds plus all fruits and vegetables recommended in the Life Science diet.

 

eating—avocadoes, nuts and seeds plus all fruits and vegetables recommended in the Life Science diet.

When considering toxic substances that are eaten, the reason most fats should be included as toxic is because all fats become highly carcinogenic when heated. Even rancid fats, as in stale nuts or seeds, are harmful and should not be eaten. Nuts or seeds should never be eaten roasted, either.

When considering toxic substances that are eaten, the reason most fats should be included as toxic is because all fats become highly carcinogenic when heated. Even rancid fats, as in stale nuts or seeds, are harmful and should not be eaten. Nuts or seeds should never be eaten roasted, either.

== Article #3: Are We Oil And Fat Eaters By T.C. Fry ==

== Article #3: Are We Oil And Fat Eaters By T.C. Fry ==

It is well known that most meat eaters trim the fat off meats because they have an aver- sion to it. This is not without a sound physiological basis.

It is well known that most meat eaters trim the fat off meats because they have an aversion to it. This is not without a sound physiological basis.

However we witness millions eating foods fried in oils and fats. Millions eat foods smothered in oils, butter, margarine and other fats. Oils and fats constitute about 40% of the American caloric intake.

However we witness millions eating foods fried in oils and fats. Millions eat foods smothered in oils, butter, margarine and other fats. Oils and fats constitute about 40% of the American caloric intake.

For this heavy indulgence Americans pay dearly. Indigestion is an American institution. Pathogenic effects are rife. It is said that 50% of all American meals result in indigestion. Antacids are a multi-billion dollar business. At the door of oils and fats can be placed much of the blame.

For this heavy indulgence Americans pay dearly. Indigestion is an American institution. Pathogenic effects are rife. It is said that 50% of all American meals result in indigestion. Antacids are a multi-billion dollar business. At the door of oils and fats can be placed much of the blame.

Humans are constitutionally frugivores. All the fats needed in the human system are self-created from the raw materials furnished by carbohydrate foods just as cattle elaborate their fats from a grass diet. It is not necessary that humans eat oils or fats of any kind to have the body oils and fats necessary for great well-being. One of the chief com- plaints of many who eat sugar and wheat products is that it turns into unwanted fat, thus indicating how efficiently our organisms convert carbohydrates to the oils and fats we need.

Humans are constitutionally frugivores. All the fats needed in the human system are self-created from the raw materials furnished by carbohydrate foods just as cattle elaborate their fats from a grass diet. It is not necessary that humans eat oils or fats of any kind to have the body oils and fats necessary for great well-being. One of the chief complaints of many who eat sugar and wheat products is that it turns into unwanted fat, thus indicating how efficiently our organisms convert carbohydrates to the oils and fats we need.

Fruits we digest with dispatch, efficiency and comfort. Most are discharged from the stomach in from 10 to 30 minutes, whereas oils and fats lay heavy on the stomach for hours before digestion really begins.

Fruits we digest with dispatch, efficiency and comfort. Most are discharged from the stomach in from 10 to 30 minutes, whereas oils and fats lay heavy on the stomach for hours before digestion really begins.

But this is merely a first step in a chain of problems. Indigestion is bad enough, and employing antacids begets yet other problems. Fats degenerate into butyric and other acids. This begins a long train of pathology that can exhibit as inflammations, ulcers and eventually cancer. Rashes, pimples, biliousness, a “tired feeling” and other complaints are often a direct result of a heavy oil or fat meal.

But this is merely a first step in a chain of problems. Indigestion is bad enough, and employing antacids begets yet other problems. Fats degenerate into butyric and other acids. This begins a long train of pathology that can exhibit as inflammations, ulcers and eventually cancer. Rashes, pimples, biliousness, a “tired feeling” and other complaints are often a direct result of a heavy oil or fat meal.

Fats are often in association with cholesterol, another form of alcohol. We create this in our bodies for our own needs, but we cannot handle foreign cholesterols as true meat- eating animals do. To be sure, cholesterols are found only in animal fats such as cheeses, butter, eggs, meat and animal products such as milk, ice cream, etc. When the cells reject alien cholesterol, it combines with blood contents, especially wastes and inorganic minerals, and forms plaque in the circulatory system.

Fats are often in association with cholesterol, another form of alcohol. We create this in our bodies for our own needs, but we cannot handle foreign cholesterols as true meat eating animals do. To be sure, cholesterols are found only in animal fats such as cheeses, butter, eggs, meat and animal products such as milk, ice cream, etc. When the cells reject alien cholesterol, it combines with blood contents, especially wastes and inorganic minerals, and forms plaque in the circulatory system.

Free oils and fats are a disaster in the human digestive tract no matter how eaten. Oils on salads, popcorn, bread and other foods (most of them unwholesome in themselves) interfere with digestion as heretofore stated.

Free oils and fats are a disaster in the human digestive tract no matter how eaten. Oils on salads, popcorn, bread and other foods (most of them unwholesome in themselves) interfere with digestion as heretofore stated.

When we eat fried foods, we are invariably inviting disaster. Even before eating such foods, the heat of cooking has converted some of the fats or oils to acroleic acid (or it has become acrolein) which is deadly poisonous and carcinogenic in humans. Fats in animal foods are always bad for us. Oils in vegetable and fruit foods should be eaten rarely, say not more than once every two or three days. We handle nuts, seeds and avocado's fairly well, but our need for them is small. Further, great caution must be employed in eating such foods. Always eat them with vegetables, never with foods that contain a carbohydrate complement. Tomatoes, cucumbers, celery, cabbage family members and green leafy foods such as lettuce combine best with these oil-bearing foods.

When we eat fried foods, we are invariably inviting disaster. Even before eating such foods, the heat of cooking has converted some of the fats or oils to acroleic acid (or it has become acrolein) which is deadly poisonous and carcinogenic in humans. Fats in animal foods are always bad for us. Oils in vegetable and fruit foods should be eaten rarely, say not more than once every two or three days. We handle nuts, seeds and avocado's fairly well, but our need for them is small. Further, great caution must be employed in eating such foods. Always eat them with vegetables, never with foods that contain a carbohydrate complement. Tomatoes, cucumbers, celery, cabbage family members and green leafy foods such as lettuce combine best with these oil-bearing foods.

It is noteworthy that legumes are heavy in oil but, once beans and pulses are sprout- ed, their fat content is converted into easily digestible vegetable matter.

It is noteworthy that legumes are heavy in oil but, once beans and pulses are sprouted, their fat content is converted into easily digestible vegetable matter.

There is no truth to the widely circulated belief that oils are good for dry skin. In digesting oils and fats, the body converts them to sugars anyway. Then it reconstitutes them to its specific needs in the body’s own chemical factories. Thus dry skin is the result of impaired function of the sebaceous glands, not a lack of oil in the diet.

There is no truth to the widely circulated belief that oils are good for dry skin. In digesting oils and fats, the body converts them to sugars anyway. Then it reconstitutes them to its specific needs in the body’s own chemical factories. Thus dry skin is the result of impaired function of the sebaceous glands, not a lack of oil in the diet.

Proceed with caution with oils. Never eat them outside of their natural context and then eat them in restriction as above noted.

Proceed with caution with oils. Never eat them outside of their natural context and then eat them in restriction as above noted.

'''<big>Next Chapter - 12 - [[The Role Of Acid And Alkaline Substances Within The Body]]</big>'''

'''[[The Role Of Minerals In Human Nutrition|Back - Lesson 10]] - PDF pages 264-281 - [[Life Science Health System - T.C. Fry|Table of Contents]] - [[The Role Of Acid And Alkaline Substances Within The Body|Next - Lesson 12]]'''