Changes

The fact still remains that all organs are involved and this is seen in the many other symptoms manifested by the diabetic such as arteriosclerosis, blindness, etc. One prob- lem with refined sugar is that it goes immediately into the blood without digestion. This flood of sugar is very enervating to the pancreas.

The fact still remains that all organs are involved and this is seen in the many other symptoms manifested by the diabetic such as arteriosclerosis, blindness, etc. One prob- lem with refined sugar is that it goes immediately into the blood without digestion. This flood of sugar is very enervating to the pancreas.

73.2. History

== History ==

 

Diabetes mellitus was first described in an ancient Egyptian papyrus dating from the second millennium B.C. An Egyptian priest had observed that the urine of people af- flicted by a disease of weight loss and excessive urination attracted insects, particularly bees and ants. Over the centuries, various other authors described a similar phenomenon without completely characterizing the disease or naming it.

Diabetes mellitus was first described in an ancient Egyptian papyrus dating from the second millennium B.C. An Egyptian priest had observed that the urine of people af- flicted by a disease of weight loss and excessive urination attracted insects, particularly bees and ants. Over the centuries, various other authors described a similar phenomenon without completely characterizing the disease or naming it.

In the summer of 1921, Dr. Fredrick Banting devised a way of ridding the body of the exocrine pancreas while preserving functioning beta cells. Charles Best, a young gradu- ate student working with Dr. Banting that summer, developed the alcohol techniques for extracting the hormone from the remaining pancreatic tissue and for measuring blood glucose. In August 1921, after several failures, an extract of pancreas produced a dra- matic drop in blood glucose in a diabetic dog, thus the internal secretion of the pancreas had been isolated.

In the summer of 1921, Dr. Fredrick Banting devised a way of ridding the body of the exocrine pancreas while preserving functioning beta cells. Charles Best, a young gradu- ate student working with Dr. Banting that summer, developed the alcohol techniques for extracting the hormone from the remaining pancreatic tissue and for measuring blood glucose. In August 1921, after several failures, an extract of pancreas produced a dra- matic drop in blood glucose in a diabetic dog, thus the internal secretion of the pancreas had been isolated.

73.3. Classification

 

 

This is a type of diabetes that is said not to be associated with ketosis or any other disease. However, people are not suddenly stricken down by diabetes. It is not an affliction that involves only the pancreas and no other tissues, glands or organs. An individual who is ill and shows symptoms of diabetes has a systemic toxicosis but the major sign of this toxicosis has demonstrated itself outwardly in the malfunction of the pancreas. In these cases, the pancreas is still secreting insulin but not in normal amounts. Physicians, therefore, do not necessarily prescribe insulin but usually control the diabetes through specially devised diets or with oral drugs. In so doing, they are still not removing the cause for the diabetes. (More about diet later.)

The National Diabetes Data Group from the National Institutes of Health distinguishes five subclasses of diabetes mellitus:

=== Diabetes associated with certain conditions and symptoms such as pancreatic disease, changes in other hormones besides insulin, the administration of various drugs and chemical agents, insulin receptor abnormalities, genetic syndromes, and malnourished populations. ===

In this type of diabetes, other symptoms of toxicosis are recognized. It becomes especially clear that many bodily functions are also deranged when severe symptoms of diabetes are diagnosed. The body is a unit and works as a unit. If one organ is deranged, all are more or less functionally below par. The body will heal once the cause for toxic accumulation has been removed. In other words, if the cause of enervation and toxicosis is removed and the body is given a rest, healing will commence.

# Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or Type 1  Persons with this type of diabetes are supposed to be more prone to ketosis. This  type is associated with an incompatibility of certain antigens with islet cell antibodies. This is the usual medical approach and is based on an erroneous “immunity” theory. Diabetes (like all other “diseases”) is developed over a certain period of time due to un- healthful habits resulting in enervation and toxicosis. We cannot create “immunity” from the effects of eating wrong foods or procuring insufficient sleep. Ketosis is a symptom  of general bodily enervation and toxicosis.

=== Gastrointestinal diabetes, where glucose intolerance develops or is discovered during pregnancy and disappears afterwards. ===

# Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or Type II  This is a type of diabetes that is said not to be associated with ketosis or any other disease. However, people are not suddenly stricken down by diabetes. It is not an afflic-

This is not a common type of diabetes. During pregnancy, the body makes a number of adaptations. More research should be done in this area but it may be incorrect to diagnose diabetes in this incidence.

tion that involves only the pancreas and no other tissues, glands or organs. An individual who is ill and shows symptoms of diabetes has a systemic toxicosis but the major sign of this toxicosis has demonstrated itself outwardly in the malfunction of the pancreas. In these cases, the pancreas is still secreting insulin but not in normal amounts. Physicians, therefore, do not necessarily prescribe insulin but usually control the diabetes through specially devised diets or with oral drugs. In so doing, they are still not removing the cause for the diabetes. (More about diet later.)

Impaired glucose tolerance is present when individuals have plasma glucose levels intermediate between normal and those considered diabetic. Blood glucose levels fluctuate and many factors may affect the outcome of glucose tolerance tests. A stressful situation may elevate blood glucose levels, plus diet, exercise and a number of other factors even though a person fasted 10 to 16 hours before the tests. Just because a person’s glucose levels are a little higher than normal does not necessarily mean that his insulin secretions are not normal.

== Derangement Of Function  ==

There are several major areas where functional derangement is especially evident in diabetes.   

# Impaired glucose tolerance is present when individuals have plasma glucose levels in- termediate between normal and those considered diabetic.  Blood glucose levels fluctuate and many factors may affect the outcome of glucose tolerance tests. A stressful situation may elevate blood glucose levels, plus diet, exercise and a number of other factors even though a person fasted 10 to 16 hours before the tests. Just because a person’s glucose levels are a little higher than normal does not necessarily mean that his insulin secretions are not normal.  73.4. Derangement Of Function  73.4.1 Hyperglycemia  73.4.2 Large Vessel Disease 73.4.3 Microvascular Disease 73.4.4 Neuropathy  73.4.5 Ketoacidosis  There are several major areas where functional derangement is especially evident in diabetes.  73.4.1 Hyperglycemia  A partial or absolute lack of insulin secretion results in excess glucose in the blood. Glucose is the primary fuel for all body tissues. The brain utilizes 25% of the total body glucose. Because brain energy stores are very small, a constant supply of glucose must always be available to maintain adequate brain function. It is, therefore, imperative that the blood glucose level be maintained in the 60 to 120 mg/dl (deciliter) range to prevent central nervous system impairment. The body has special homeostatic devices to main- tain this required range.  73.4.1.1 Insulin  Insulin is the primary hormone for regulating blood glucose levels and does so by controlling the rate that blood glucose is taken in by muscle, fat and liver cells. Each of

these three types of cells utilizes glucose in a different way, as determined by specific enzyme systems.

A partial or absolute lack of insulin secretion results in excess glucose in the blood. Glucose is the primary fuel for all body tissues. The brain utilizes 25% of the total body glucose. Because brain energy stores are very small, a constant supply of glucose must always be available to maintain adequate brain function. It is, therefore, imperative that the blood glucose level be maintained in the 60 to 120 mg/dl (deciliter) range to prevent central nervous system impairment. The body has special homeostatic devices to main- tain this required range.

The primary function of the fat cell is providing storage. It contains unique enzymes that convert glucose into triglycerides as well as enzymes that convert triglycerides to fatty acids. These fatty acids are released and converted to ketones in the liver, when needed.

The primary function of the fat cell is providing storage. It contains unique enzymes that convert glucose into triglycerides as well as enzymes that convert triglycerides to fatty acids. These fatty acids are released and converted to ketones in the liver, when needed.

Insulin also inhibits the enzyme lipase, which breaks down storage fat into fatty acids and glycerol. When insulin is high and lipase is inhibited, there is also a net in- crease in storage fat. There is a net decrease in storage fat when insulin is low, because lipase becomes activated and a fat is then broken down.

Insulin also inhibits the enzyme lipase, which breaks down storage fat into fatty acids and glycerol. When insulin is high and lipase is inhibited, there is also a net in- crease in storage fat. There is a net decrease in storage fat when insulin is low, because lipase becomes activated and a fat is then broken down.

Muscle Cell

==== Muscle Cell ====

 

The muscle cell has two primary functions: it converts glucose into energy needed for muscle function, and it serves as a reservoir for protein and glycogen. During starva- tion, the protein of the muscle itself can be made available in the form of amino acids. These amino acids can then be converted in the liver into glucose in order to maintain blood glucose at an adequate concentration for brain function.

The muscle cell has two primary functions: it converts glucose into energy needed for muscle function, and it serves as a reservoir for protein and glycogen. During starva- tion, the protein of the muscle itself can be made available in the form of amino acids. These amino acids can then be converted in the liver into glucose in order to maintain blood glucose at an adequate concentration for brain function.

When blood glucose levels are normal, insulin also affects the enzymes of the muscle cell to maintain muscle mass by promoting the uptake of amino acids and preventing the breakdown of protein.

When blood glucose levels are normal, insulin also affects the enzymes of the muscle cell to maintain muscle mass by promoting the uptake of amino acids and preventing the breakdown of protein.

Liver Cell

==== Liver Cell ====

 

Liver glycogen is another storage form of glucose. Glycogen is more readily avail- able for use than are triglycerides, which first have to be converted to free fatty acids and then converted to ketones. The liver monitors these conversions and also converts amino acids to glucose when necessary. The conversion of amino acids to glucose is called glu- coneogenesis.

Liver glycogen is another storage form of glucose. Glycogen is more readily avail- able for use than are triglycerides, which first have to be converted to free fatty acids and then converted to ketones. The liver monitors these conversions and also converts amino acids to glucose when necessary. The conversion of amino acids to glucose is called glu- coneogenesis.

Although insulin is not required for the transport of glucose into the liver, insulin di- rectly affects the liver to promote the uptake of glucose by reducing the rate of glycogen breakdown, increasing glycogen synthesis, and decreasing the rate of gluconeogenesis.

Although insulin is not required for the transport of glucose into the liver, insulin di- rectly affects the liver to promote the uptake of glucose by reducing the rate of glycogen breakdown, increasing glycogen synthesis, and decreasing the rate of gluconeogenesis.

73.4.1.2 Beta Cell

==== Beta Cell ====

 

Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. The beta cells function first as a sensor of blood glucose levels. The beta cells then secrete enough insulin to regulate the carbohydrate load, maintaining the blood glucose level within a very narrow range. A feedback system exists whereby a small amount of carbohydrate stimulates a small amount of insulin release. The liver responds to increased insulin secretion by suppress- ing glycogen release (glycogenolysis). The formation of new glucose is likewise sup- pressed. A large carbohydrate intake stimulates a greater insulin response, and the pe- ripheral and liver cells take up glucose. When glucose levels are low, insulin release is suppressed and glycogenolysis and gluconeo-genesis occur in order to feed glucose into the system and maintain the blood glucose levels.

Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. The beta cells function first as a sensor of blood glucose levels. The beta cells then secrete enough insulin to regulate the carbohydrate load, maintaining the blood glucose level within a very narrow range. A feedback system exists whereby a small amount of carbohydrate stimulates a small amount of insulin release. The liver responds to increased insulin secretion by suppress- ing glycogen release (glycogenolysis). The formation of new glucose is likewise sup- pressed. A large carbohydrate intake stimulates a greater insulin response, and the pe- ripheral and liver cells take up glucose. When glucose levels are low, insulin release is

 

suppressed and glycogenolysis and gluconeo-genesis occur in order to feed glucose into the system and maintain the blood glucose levels.

When the body is enervated and a state of toxicosis exists, all bodily functions will be impaired. This may effect the pancreas and its secretion of insulin. When insulin se- cretion is abnormally diminished, glucose will not be utilized by the fat and muscle cells and the liver will continue to break down glycogen to glucose to further add to the blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia is then present.

When the body is enervated and a state of toxicosis exists, all bodily functions will be impaired. This may effect the pancreas and its secretion of insulin. When insulin se- cretion is abnormally diminished, glucose will not be utilized by the fat and muscle cells and the liver will continue to break down glycogen to glucose to further add to the blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia is then present.

Other hormones contribute to the release of glucose in the blood and further com- plicate the situation when insulin secretion is diminished. Stress stimulates epinephrine release and the hormone then serves to mobilize glycogen to yield a higher blood glu- cose level. Epinephrine also suppresses insulin release to further enhance blood glucose levels. Glucagon and cortisol also increase levels of blood glucose.

Other hormones contribute to the release of glucose in the blood and further com- plicate the situation when insulin secretion is diminished. Stress stimulates epinephrine release and the hormone then serves to mobilize glycogen to yield a higher blood glu- cose level. Epinephrine also suppresses insulin release to further enhance blood glucose levels. Glucagon and cortisol also increase levels of blood glucose.

73.4.2 Large Vessel Disease

=== Large Vessel Disease ===

 

Diabetics have an increased incidence, earlier onset and increased severity of ather- osclerosis and calcification of the arterial wall. Peripheral vascular disease is 50 to 100 times more common in diabetics than in healthy individuals. More fat is broken down when insulin is low and enters the bloodstream. Excess fat in the blood may then accu- mulate in the large vessels of the heart or elsewhere.

Diabetics have an increased incidence, earlier onset and increased severity of ather- osclerosis and calcification of the arterial wall. Peripheral vascular disease is 50 to 100 times more common in diabetics than in healthy individuals. More fat is broken down when insulin is low and enters the bloodstream. Excess fat in the blood may then accu- mulate in the large vessels of the heart or elsewhere.

It is likely, however, that there is already some arteriosclerosis in diabetic patients, not because of the diabetes, but it is due to the same conditions that resulted in the dia- betes in the first place. That is, a diet too high in fats and sugars, lack of exercise, and a generally unhealthful lifestyle.

It is likely, however, that there is already some arteriosclerosis in diabetic patients, not because of the diabetes, but it is due to the same conditions that resulted in the dia- betes in the first place. That is, a diet too high in fats and sugars, lack of exercise, and a generally unhealthful lifestyle.

73.4.3 Microvascular Disease

=== Microvascular Disease ===

 

Many diabetics demonstrate a thickening of the capillary membrane in major areas of skin and skeletal muscles. This is most obvious in the retina of the eye and the renal glomeruli of the kidney and this situation may eventually lead to blindness or kidney failure. It becomes clear that diabetes is not a “one-organ disease” but does indeed in- volve the entire system. Suppressing one symptom, such as hyperglycemia, certainly does not produce health.

Many diabetics demonstrate a thickening of the capillary membrane in major areas of skin and skeletal muscles. This is most obvious in the retina of the eye and the renal glomeruli of the kidney and this situation may eventually lead to blindness or kidney failure. It becomes clear that diabetes is not a “one-organ disease” but does indeed in- volve the entire system. Suppressing one symptom, such as hyperglycemia, certainly does not produce health.

73.4.4 Neuropathy

==== Neuropathy ====

 

Neuropathy involves injury to nerves, associated with destruction of the myelin sheath of nerve tissue and nerve cell degeneration. This involves sensory and motor nerves, nerve roots, the spinal cord, and the autonomic nervous system. Affected nerves show basal membrane thickening similar to the capillary abnormalities.

Neuropathy involves injury to nerves, associated with destruction of the myelin sheath of nerve tissue and nerve cell degeneration. This involves sensory and motor nerves, nerve roots, the spinal cord, and the autonomic nervous system. Affected nerves show basal membrane thickening similar to the capillary abnormalities.

Did the diabetes cause this nerve degeneration? No, diabetes is merely a symptom of a systemic disorder. Again, this “disease” that is associated with diabetes is another indication of systemic involvement.

Did the diabetes cause this nerve degeneration? No, diabetes is merely a symptom of a systemic disorder. Again, this “disease” that is associated with diabetes is another indication of systemic involvement.

73.4.5 Ketoacidosis

=== Ketoacidosis ===

 

The fat cell attempts to provide fuel in the absence of insulin by mobilizing fat stores. The free fatty acids are initially utilized for energy production, but the majority reach the liver where three strong acids are found: acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid and acetone. The keto-acids are ultimately excreted by the kidneys along with sodium bicarbonate. The combination ketoacid accumulation and bicarbonate excretion causes a fall in plasma pH, resulting in acidosis.

The fat cell attempts to provide fuel in the absence of insulin by mobilizing fat stores. The free fatty acids are initially utilized for energy production, but the majority reach the liver where three strong acids are found: acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid and acetone. The keto-acids are ultimately excreted by the kidneys along with sodium bicarbonate. The combination ketoacid accumulation and bicarbonate excretion causes a fall in plasma pH, resulting in acidosis.

A diet high in acid-forming foods further complicates this problem. This would in- clude such foods as meat, dairy products, dry beans, most cereals (especially wheat) and all refined sugars.

A diet high in acid-forming foods further complicates this problem. This would in- clude such foods as meat, dairy products, dry beans, most cereals (especially wheat) and all refined sugars.

73.5. Symptoms

== Symptoms ==

 

Early symptoms are polyuria (excessive elimination of urine), polydipsia (excessive drinking of water), polyphagia (excessive eating), loss of weight and a lack of energy. The extremely high extracellular osmotic pressure, caused by the excessive amount of sugar in the bloodstream, causes dehydration of the body cells. As the sugar is then elim- inated by the kidneys, it carries water with it, thereby dehydrating the bloodstream and other extracellular fluids. Both the extracellular and intracellular dehydration cause ex- cessive thirst and water drinking.

Early symptoms are polyuria (excessive elimination of urine), polydipsia (excessive drinking of water), polyphagia (excessive eating), loss of weight and a lack of energy. The extremely high extracellular osmotic pressure, caused by the excessive amount of sugar in the bloodstream, causes dehydration of the body cells. As the sugar is then elim- inated by the kidneys, it carries water with it, thereby dehydrating the bloodstream and other extracellular fluids. Both the extracellular and intracellular dehydration cause ex- cessive thirst and water drinking.

Most cases of diabetes occur in people over 40. It often takes many years of un- healthful living to develop the conditions for diabetes to exist. It takes a lot of abuse to bodily organs and systems to result in the degeneration of the pancreas and other or- gans intimately involved in this abnormal condition. There are no “miracle cures” that will eliminate all those years of abuse. However, if all of these errors are corrected, the body will heal as long as there is not permanent damage. At any rate, a change to a more healthful lifestyle will result in better, if not perfect, health.

Most cases of diabetes occur in people over 40. It often takes many years of un- healthful living to develop the conditions for diabetes to exist. It takes a lot of abuse to bodily organs and systems to result in the degeneration of the pancreas and other or- gans intimately involved in this abnormal condition. There are no “miracle cures” that will eliminate all those years of abuse. However, if all of these errors are corrected, the body will heal as long as there is not permanent damage. At any rate, a change to a more healthful lifestyle will result in better, if not perfect, health.

73.6. Medical Diagnosis

== Medical Diagnosis ==

 

The physician has several diagnostic methods for diabetes and none are foolproof. The most widely-used methods are the serum blood glucose test and the urine test. The pres- ence of glucose in the urine indicates that the body is attempting to maintain balance. When glucose levels reach a certain point in the blood, excess will be eliminated by the body through the urine. This is a bodily mechanism to keep itself in a stable condition and is a positive sign of self repair. However, this homeostatic mechanism can be ex- hausted if causes are not removed.

The physician has several diagnostic methods for diabetes and none are foolproof. The most widely-used methods are the serum blood glucose test and the urine test. The pres- ence of glucose in the urine indicates that the body is attempting to maintain balance. When glucose levels reach a certain point in the blood, excess will be eliminated by the body through the urine. This is a bodily mechanism to keep itself in a stable condition and is a positive sign of self repair. However, this homeostatic mechanism can be ex- hausted if causes are not removed.

# abdominal tenderness;

# abdominal tenderness;

# extremethirstanddrymucousmembranes,reflectingwaterdepletionduetolossofsodi-  um and potassium as the body tries to buffer the acid condition with these base minerals;

# extremethirstanddrymucousmembranes,reflectingwaterdepletionduetolossofsodi-  um and potassium as the body tries to buffer the acid condition with these base minerals;

# weight loss.  Do the above symptoms indicate anything other than systemic involvement? No. Then we should consider the body as a whole and not as separate units. 73.7. Medical Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus According to the Merck Manual, “The primary objective is to achieve the patient’s op- timal health and nutrition.” If this truly were their primary objective, physicians would discontinue looking to drugs for palliatives and begin to search for the underlying cause behind this “disease.” If they were to discover that depressed function of the pancreas of insulin secretion is really only a symptom of general toxicosis, they would begin to teach their patients how to live so as not to create these conditions that result in ill health.  Merck Manual further states, “Whether treatment of asymptomatic hyperglycemia decreases morbidity and mortality is unknown, and there is significant risk of hypo- glycemia in elderly patients given oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy.” It is known that drugs and insulin can harm and whether they do any good is questioned even by the physician. People with improperly-diagnosed diabetes have been placed on in- sulin. Because of the presence of this insulin in the blood, the pancreas ceased to secrete normal insulin, atrophied and eventually ceased to work even when needed. Thus, dia- betes was created where it was not formerly present.  Scientists have come up with a new form of insulin that is supposed to simulate func- tions of the pancreas in that it supplies insulin constantly at low doses. It is called an insulin pump and is worn on the belt. It constantly infuses a low dose of rapid-acting in- sulin subcutaneously or intravenously with additional boluses of insulin pumped in im- mediately prior to meals.

# weight loss.  Do the above symptoms indicate anything other than systemic involvement? No. Then we should consider the body as a whole and not as separate units.

 

== Medical Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus ==

According to the Merck Manual, “The primary objective is to achieve the patient’s op- timal health and nutrition.” If this truly were their primary objective, physicians would discontinue looking to drugs for palliatives and begin to search for the underlying cause behind this “disease.” If they were to discover that depressed function of the pancreas of insulin secretion is really only a symptom of general toxicosis, they would begin to teach their patients how to live so as not to create these conditions that result in ill health.  Merck Manual further states, “Whether treatment of asymptomatic hyperglycemia decreases morbidity and mortality is unknown, and there is significant risk of hypo- glycemia in elderly patients given oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy.” It is known that drugs and insulin can harm and whether they do any good is questioned even by the physician. People with improperly-diagnosed diabetes have been placed on in- sulin. Because of the presence of this insulin in the blood, the pancreas ceased to secrete normal insulin, atrophied and eventually ceased to work even when needed. Thus, dia- betes was created where it was not formerly present.  Scientists have come up with a new form of insulin that is supposed to simulate func- tions of the pancreas in that it supplies insulin constantly at low doses. It is called an insulin pump and is worn on the belt. It constantly infuses a low dose of rapid-acting in- sulin subcutaneously or intravenously with additional boluses of insulin pumped in im- mediately prior to meals.

It is hoped that these attempts to emulate normal pancreatic function may be associ- ated with a clearly demonstrable improvement in the morbidity and mortality from the vascular and neural manifestations of diabetes. However, this cannot be possible with this approach. The physicians are looking at the situation too narrowly. The entire per- son must be considered and not only the pancreas. Palliating one symptom of ill health does not procure overall health.

It is hoped that these attempts to emulate normal pancreatic function may be associ- ated with a clearly demonstrable improvement in the morbidity and mortality from the vascular and neural manifestations of diabetes. However, this cannot be possible with this approach. The physicians are looking at the situation too narrowly. The entire per- son must be considered and not only the pancreas. Palliating one symptom of ill health does not procure overall health.

According to the physician, the objectives of symptom control are twofold: (1) to avoid ketoacidosis, and (2) to control symptoms resulting from hyperglycemia and glu- cosuria. Symptom control involves constant monitoring of urine glucose levels and plas- ma glucose levels by laboratory determination. As stated, symptom control does not pro- cure health.

According to the physician, the objectives of symptom control are twofold: (1) to avoid ketoacidosis, and (2) to control symptoms resulting from hyperglycemia and glu- cosuria. Symptom control involves constant monitoring of urine glucose levels and plas- ma glucose levels by laboratory determination. As stated, symptom control does not pro- cure health.

73.8. Effects Of Insulin

== Effects Of Insulin ==

 

There are seven forms of insulin currently in use and they are grouped into three clas- sifications according to their duration of action. They are fast-, intermediate-, and long- acting. Most insulin is made from beef or beef/pork pancreas. Some is now being made from only pork. All of these insulins contain pancreatic impurities including glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, and proinsulin. Experiments with purer strains are now being tested since many patients have had adverse reactions from the impure type of insulin. The body rejects what is not normal and foreign protein injected into an or- ganism is treated as a poison and eliminated as quickly as possible. Other complications may arise from insulin treatment.

There are seven forms of insulin currently in use and they are grouped into three clas- sifications according to their duration of action. They are fast-, intermediate-, and long- acting. Most insulin is made from beef or beef/pork pancreas. Some is now being made from only pork. All of these insulins contain pancreatic impurities including glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, and proinsulin. Experiments with purer strains are now being tested since many patients have had adverse reactions from the impure type of insulin. The body rejects what is not normal and foreign protein injected into an or- ganism is treated as a poison and eliminated as quickly as possible. Other complications may arise from insulin treatment.

Dr. Shelton says, “Insulin is a powerful drug. A slight overdose causes a light insulin shock; a little more produces coma; a little more results in death. The continued use of this drug produces damage of its own, not the least of which is the added impairment of the function of the pancreas.”

Dr. Shelton says, “Insulin is a powerful drug. A slight overdose causes a light insulin shock; a little more produces coma; a little more results in death. The continued use of this drug produces damage of its own, not the least of which is the added impairment of the function of the pancreas.”

73.9. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

== Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ==

 

Often, oral medication is given to diabetics instead of insulin to control the symptoms. It is said that some sulfonylureas lower the blood glucose levels when given orally. These include tolbutamide, chloropropamide, acetohexamide and tolazamide. The University Group Diabetes Program attempted to evaluate various types of therapy, in noninsulin- dependent diabetic patients, comparing tolbutamide or phenformin treatment with diet alone. They concluded that these two drugs were no more effective in controlling dia- betes than diet alone.

Often, oral medication is given to diabetics instead of insulin to control the symptoms. It is said that some sulfonylureas lower the blood glucose levels when given orally. These include tolbutamide, chloropropamide, acetohexamide and tolazamide. The University Group Diabetes Program attempted to evaluate various types of therapy, in noninsulin- dependent diabetic patients, comparing tolbutamide or phenformin treatment with diet alone. They concluded that these two drugs were no more effective in controlling dia- betes than diet alone.

There has been some evidence that the use of these drugs increases cardiovascular mortality but this has not been proven conclusively and more research needs to be done. However, acute toxic effects have been known to follow the use of these oral hypo- glycemic agents. There is no doubt that these agents are poisons and should not be em- ployed.

There has been some evidence that the use of these drugs increases cardiovascular mortality but this has not been proven conclusively and more research needs to be done. However, acute toxic effects have been known to follow the use of these oral hypo- glycemic agents. There is no doubt that these agents are poisons and should not be em- ployed.

73.10. The Diabetic Diet

== The Diabetic Diet ==

 

73.10.1 Calories

73.10.1 Calories

73.10.4 Fat

73.10.4 Fat

73.10.5 Food Exchange Groups 73.10.6 “Anything Goes Diet”

73.10.5 Food Exchange Groups  

 

73.10.6 “Anything Goes Diet”

The conventional diabetic diet is calculated in terms of the total requirement for calo- ries and a ratio of these calories in grams of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

The conventional diabetic diet is calculated in terms of the total requirement for calo- ries and a ratio of these calories in grams of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

73.10.1 Calories

=== Calories ===

 

Calorie specifications are based on “ideal weight,” with allowances for physical ac- tivity or added stress, such as growth. If the patient is obese, as many adult diabetics are, then the diet prescription would indicate a sufficient reduction in calories to effect a gradual weight loss—no more than 1,200 to 1,500 calories per day. If the patient is a fast-growing, lean, adolescent boy, the calories may be as high as 4,000.

Calorie specifications are based on “ideal weight,” with allowances for physical ac- tivity or added stress, such as growth. If the patient is obese, as many adult diabetics are, then the diet prescription would indicate a sufficient reduction in calories to effect a gradual weight loss—no more than 1,200 to 1,500 calories per day. If the patient is a fast-growing, lean, adolescent boy, the calories may be as high as 4,000.

Weight will normalize on a diet that is compatible with our biological requirements. That is a diet of raw fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. “Ideal weight” charts are invari- ably too high and not accurate guides. Calculating diets based on preconceived numbers of calories per day is tedious and unnecessary. Furthermore, few diabetics will adhere to such a diet.

Weight will normalize on a diet that is compatible with our biological requirements. That is a diet of raw fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. “Ideal weight” charts are invari- ably too high and not accurate guides. Calculating diets based on preconceived numbers of calories per day is tedious and unnecessary. Furthermore, few diabetics will adhere to such a diet.

73.10.2 Protein

=== Protein ===

 

It is generally recommended that 5% of total calories of the diabetic be protein. In a 1,500-calorie diet that would mean 75 grams of protein. This amount of protein greatly exceeds the needs of even the most active man. The average person cannot utilize more than about 20 to 25 grams of protein daily.

It is generally recommended that 5% of total calories of the diabetic be protein. In a 1,500-calorie diet that would mean 75 grams of protein. This amount of protein greatly exceeds the needs of even the most active man. The average person cannot utilize more than about 20 to 25 grams of protein daily.

Any protein in excess of this is either stored in fat or muscle or eliminated from the body. This is an expenditure of vital energy that should be used for healing and re-

Any protein in excess of this is either stored in fat or muscle or eliminated from the body. This is an expenditure of vital energy that should be used for healing and repair—a situation that will result in enervation. Such excess protein accumulated in the tissues eventually results in impaired function. The body periodically makes great ef- forts to eliminate these excesses through such eliminative endeavors as colds, flu, skin eruptions, etc. If the body is greatly enervated, such vital eliminations may not occur and degenerative diseases will begin to develop.

Every item of food that we eat has some protein when it is consumed in its natural state. Even fruits and vegetables contain some protein. In fact, it is in this form that pro- tein is most easily utilized and requires the least amount of vital energy to digest and assimilate. Also, we do not clog our system with excess toxins as we do when we con- sume the protein of flesh, dairy products or eggs. It is important that the diabetic consume foods that require little vital energy to digest and also contain little or no toxins. Energy is needed for healing and further toxins will impair this process.

 

Every item of food that we eat has some protein when it is consumed in its natural state. Even fruits and vegetables contain some protein. In fact, it is in this form that pro- tein is most easily utilized and requires the least amount of vital energy to digest and assimilate. Also, we do not clog our system with excess toxins as we do when we con- sume the protein of flesh, dairy products or eggs. It is important that the diabetic con- sume foods that require little vital energy to digest and also contain little or no toxins. Energy is needed for healing and further toxins will impair this process.

 

There is less emphasis now upon strict carbohydrate control than in past years for the diabetic. As a general rule, the carbohydrate grams recommended are 10% of the to- tal number of calories. Refined carbohydrates certainly should never be consumed such as cookies, pies, cakes, candy, etc. However, the simple carbohydrates as found in ripe fruits and vegetables should form the bulk of the diet. The carbohydrates of fruits are easily assimilated and also contain many of the base minerals that are so important in the diabetic’s (and in everyone’s) diet. You can be assured that all your needs will be met.

There is less emphasis now upon strict carbohydrate control than in past years for the diabetic. As a general rule, the carbohydrate grams recommended are 10% of the to- tal number of calories. Refined carbohydrates certainly should never be consumed such as cookies, pies, cakes, candy, etc. However, the simple carbohydrates as found in ripe fruits and vegetables should form the bulk of the diet. The carbohydrates of fruits are easily assimilated and also contain many of the base minerals that are so important in the diabetic’s (and in everyone’s) diet. You can be assured that all your needs will be met.

73.10.4 Fat

=== Fat ===

 

As a general rule, the grams of fat in the diabetic diet are recommended to be 5% of the number of total calories. (In a 1,500-calorie diet, there would be 75 grams of fat.) This is entirely too high. You cannot utilize that amount of fat and the excess adds to toxicosis. All the fat that you require is found in nuts and avocados. If these items are eaten moderately a few times a week, your fat requirements will be met. Remember that your fruits and vegetables also contain small amounts of fat.

As a general rule, the grams of fat in the diabetic diet are recommended to be 5% of the number of total calories. (In a 1,500-calorie diet, there would be 75 grams of fat.) This is entirely too high. You cannot utilize that amount of fat and the excess adds to toxicosis. All the fat that you require is found in nuts and avocados. If these items are eaten moderately a few times a week, your fat requirements will be met. Remember that your fruits and vegetables also contain small amounts of fat.

While it may be necessary to continue insulin therapy to a certain extent, a diet of fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds will provide the body with the proper conditions to heal and repair. The pancreas will no longer be stressed with large amounts of glucose in the blood due to refined sugars in the diet and healing will take place.

While it may be necessary to continue insulin therapy to a certain extent, a diet of fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds will provide the body with the proper conditions to heal and repair. The pancreas will no longer be stressed with large amounts of glucose in the blood due to refined sugars in the diet and healing will take place.

73.10.5 Food Exchange Groups

=== Food Exchange Groups ===

 

The conventional program for diabetic diets utilizes a food-exchange system where foods of like proteins, fats and carbohydrates are grouped together. The patient is as- signed a certain number of units that he may have per day from each group and he may exchange them for certain foods within that group. This is a tedious procedure that is slowly being abandoned even by the physicians and most dietitians. It is unnecessary if the general dietary program is correct. As stated earlier, a diet of ripe fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds, all in a raw state, provides us with all our dietary requirements without excesses or deficits.

The conventional program for diabetic diets utilizes a food-exchange system where foods of like proteins, fats and carbohydrates are grouped together. The patient is as- signed a certain number of units that he may have per day from each group and he may exchange them for certain foods within that group. This is a tedious procedure that is slowly being abandoned even by the physicians and most dietitians. It is unnecessary if the general dietary program is correct. As stated earlier, a diet of ripe fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds, all in a raw state, provides us with all our dietary requirements without excesses or deficits.

73.10.6 “Anything Goes Diet”

=== “Anything Goes Diet” ===

 

Another approach that is now being taken is to let the diabetic eat anything that he wants. Sometimes refined sugar is eliminated but not always. They are closely monitored and insulin doses adjusted accordingly, as needed. This is certainly unwise and cannot produce health. People need to be educated in regard to the proper diet and not let them grope on their own. If a person stays on his conventional meat, potatoes, bread and sweets diet, more ill health will result. Causes must be removed in order to regain health

Another approach that is now being taken is to let the diabetic eat anything that he wants. Sometimes refined sugar is eliminated but not always. S/he is then closely mon- itored and insulin doses adjusted accordingly, as needed. This is certainly unwise and cannot produce health. People need to be educated in regard to the proper diet and not let them grope on their own. If a person stays on his conventional meat, potatoes, bread and sweets diet, more ill health will result. Causes must be removed in order to regain health

and an improper diet is a major cause of diabetes and other chronic disorders. That is, the toxicosis that resulted from the improper diet.

and an improper diet is a major cause of diabetes and other chronic disorders. That is, the toxicosis that resulted from the improper diet.

73.11. Why You Have Diabetes

== Why You Have Diabetes ==

 

It is your total way of living that causes you to develop diabetes—your excesses, defi- ciencies and poison habits. Excesses include: overeating, overworking, wrong emotions, worry, anxiety, tension, etc. Deficiencies are: lack of sleep, lack of rest, lack of exercise, demineralized foods, lack of fresh air, lack of sunshine, and lack of emotional poise. Fi- nally, by your poisonous habits, you add to the total toxic load of the body. You poison your body with alcohol, coffee, tea, soft drinks, cigarettes, poisoned articles passing for food, the many drugs thrown into your system daily to suppress the discomforts arising from a way of life that is destructive to health. The real cause of diabetes came before the deficiency of insulin.

It is your total way of living that causes you to develop diabetes—your excesses, defi- ciencies and poison habits. Excesses include: overeating, overworking, wrong emotions, worry, anxiety, tension, etc. Deficiencies are: lack of sleep, lack of rest, lack of exercise, demineralized foods, lack of fresh air, lack of sunshine, and lack of emotional poise. Fi- nally, by your poisonous habits, you add to the total toxic load of the body. You poison your body with alcohol, coffee, tea, soft drinks, cigarettes, poisoned articles passing for food, the many drugs thrown into your system daily to suppress the discomforts arising from a way of life that is destructive to health. The real cause of diabetes came before the deficiency of insulin.

However, overeating of refined carbohydrates is not the sole contributor to pancreas impairment. Anything that produces enervation—tobacco, tea, coffee, chocolate, cocoa, alcohol, cola, loss of sleep, overwork, general overeating, emotionalism, etc., impairs organic function in general, including pancreatic function.

However, overeating of refined carbohydrates is not the sole contributor to pancreas impairment. Anything that produces enervation—tobacco, tea, coffee, chocolate, cocoa, alcohol, cola, loss of sleep, overwork, general overeating, emotionalism, etc., impairs organic function in general, including pancreatic function.

73.12. How You Can Improve Your Overall Health

== How You Can Improve Your Overall Health ==

 

Many people think that once they are diagnosed as a diabetic they are doomed to a life of dependency upon drugs, and forced into a life of suffering from the general toxic ef- fects of those drugs. However, this is not the case. The adoption of a healthier way of life would permit them to live to a ripe old age without drugs and their poisons. But the choice rests with the individual.

Many people think that once they are diagnosed as a diabetic they are doomed to a life of dependency upon drugs, and forced into a life of suffering from the general toxic ef- fects of those drugs. However, this is not the case. The adoption of a healthier way of life would permit them to live to a ripe old age without drugs and their poisons. But the choice rests with the individual.

The diet of the diabetic should be the same as for a healthy person. That is, raw ripe fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. At first, it may be necessary to eliminate dried fruits and some of the sweeter fresh fruits until a higher degree of health is achieved. On this diet, physiological functions will normalize and health will be restored as long as there is not any permanent destruction of tissues. In any case, a much healthier overall condi- tion will be attained.

The diet of the diabetic should be the same as for a healthy person. That is, raw ripe fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. At first, it may be necessary to eliminate dried fruits and some of the sweeter fresh fruits until a higher degree of health is achieved. On this diet, physiological functions will normalize and health will be restored as long as there is not any permanent destruction of tissues. In any case, a much healthier overall condi- tion will be attained.

73.13. Introduction

== Introduction - Diabetes Insipidus ==

 

Diabetes insipidus is much less common than diabetes mellitus. It is a disorder where there is either a deficiency of vasopressin (ADH) or an insensitivity of the kidney tubules to the presence of this hormone.

Diabetes insipidus is much less common than diabetes mellitus. It is a disorder where there is either a deficiency of vasopressin (ADH) or an insensitivity of the kidney tubules to the presence of this hormone.

The hypothalamic nuclei of the pituitary gland secretes the antidiuretic hormone. This hormone acts mainly in the distal-collecting tubules of the kidney and stimulates the reabsorption of water according to bodily need. Onset of this “disease” is said to be insidious or abrupt and may occur at any age. However, we know that no disease occurs abruptly but it develops only after a period of time due to unhealthful practices.

The hypothalamic nuclei of the pituitary gland secretes the antidiuretic hormone. This hormone acts mainly in the distal-collecting tubules of the kidney and stimulates the reabsorption of water according to bodily need. Onset of this “disease” is said to be insidious or abrupt and may occur at any age. However, we know that no disease occurs abruptly but it develops only after a period of time due to unhealthful practices.

73.14. Symptoms

== Symptoms ==

 

Enormous quantities of fluid may be ingested and excreted (3 to 30 liters per day). Uri- nation is especially excessive during the night. Dehydration develops rapidly if urinary losses are not continually replaced.

Enormous quantities of fluid may be ingested and excreted (3 to 30 liters per day). Uri- nation is especially excessive during the night. Dehydration develops rapidly if urinary losses are not continually replaced.

73.15. Medical Treatment

== Medical Treatment ==

 

The usual treatment is hormonal therapy. ADH is administered either via a nasal spray or intramuscular injection. Nonhormonal therapy involves the use of certain diuretic drugs. This palliative treatment cannot result in health. It only treats the symptoms of this dis- ease without considering causes. Other systemic disorders are present in this disease, such as chronic renal disorders and other systemic or metabolic impairment.

The usual treatment is hormonal therapy. ADH is administered either via a nasal spray or intramuscular injection. Nonhormonal therapy involves the use of certain diuretic drugs. This palliative treatment cannot result in health. It only treats the symptoms of this dis- ease without considering causes. Other systemic disorders are present in this disease, such as chronic renal disorders and other systemic or metabolic impairment.

To treat one symptom is foolish. As in diabetes mellitus, the underlying cause of ill health must be corrected and only then will general health result.

To treat one symptom is foolish. As in diabetes mellitus, the underlying cause of ill health must be corrected and only then will general health result.

73.16. Introduction

== Introduction - Hypoglycemia ==

 

Hypoglycemia is abnormally low blood glucose level. This is a condition where the islets of Langerhans are too sensitive. In response to the metabolic demand, they secrete too much insulin. The liver converts too much sugar into starch, leaving too little in the circulating blood. The final result of eating a meal is a drop in blood sugar. The sufferer

Hypoglycemia is abnormally low blood glucose level. This is a condition where the islets of Langerhans are too sensitive. In response to the metabolic demand, they secrete too much insulin. The liver converts too much sugar into starch, leaving too little in the circulating blood. The final result of eating a meal is a drop in blood sugar. The sufferer

In the course of time, because of their repeated stimulation, the islets become so sen- sitive, due to enervation, that the delicate control is lost and they overrespond to a nor- mal stimulus.

In the course of time, because of their repeated stimulation, the islets become so sen- sitive, due to enervation, that the delicate control is lost and they overrespond to a nor- mal stimulus.

73.17. Other Factors

== Other Factors ==

 

Other factors may produce hypoglycemia. An overdose of insulin by the diabetic patient often results in hypoglycemia. Depending on the amount, this can result in coma or even death. Certain oral hypoglycemic drugs such as the sulfonylureas often result in low blood sugar. Hypoglycemia can be induced by alcohol, salicylates (in aspirin, etc.), and other drugs such as aminobenzoic acid, halopenidol, propoxypene and chlorpromazine.

Other factors may produce hypoglycemia. An overdose of insulin by the diabetic patient often results in hypoglycemia. Depending on the amount, this can result in coma or even death. Certain oral hypoglycemic drugs such as the sulfonylureas often result in low blood sugar. Hypoglycemia can be induced by alcohol, salicylates (in aspirin, etc.), and other drugs such as aminobenzoic acid, halopenidol, propoxypene and chlorpromazine.

As in diabetes mellitus, not any one factor results in hypoglycemia but it is the total effect of our general lifestyle that affects our health. For example, our diet may be per- fect but if our sleep is insufficient, all vital organs will be affected.

As in diabetes mellitus, not any one factor results in hypoglycemia but it is the total effect of our general lifestyle that affects our health. For example, our diet may be per- fect but if our sleep is insufficient, all vital organs will be affected.

73.18. General Symptoms

== General Symptoms ==

 

 

Most physicians group the symptoms of hypoglycemia into two categories:

Most physicians group the symptoms of hypoglycemia into two categories:

At any rate, the underlying cause is the same and that is enervation leading to toxicosis and eventual impairment of all (not just one) bodily functions. The various symptoms demonstrate systemic involvement.

At any rate, the underlying cause is the same and that is enervation leading to toxicosis and eventual impairment of all (not just one) bodily functions. The various symptoms demonstrate systemic involvement.

73.3.1 Mind/Body Symptoms

=== Mind/Body Symptoms ===

 

If the blood sugar drops too low, the nervous system is in jeopardy. The brain relies on blood sugar for its functioning, and if it is deprived of it, it cannot continue. This is what happens when a diabetic gets an overdose of insulin. All the sugar enters the cells. There is none readily available for the brain, so the person lapses into a coma. Though such a drastic drop in blood sugar is not usually experienced by the hypoglycemic, the decrease is still interpreted as a danger signal, and the adrenal glands usually respond by secreting adrenalin. This helps mobilize stored glucose from the liver, but it also sets off a general alarm, alerting the whole body as for emergency action. One may feel ap- prehensive, tremulous and find that his/her heart is beating rapidly, his/her hands are be- coming cold and clammy and s/he is breathing in a rapid and shallow way. How severe these symptoms are depends on how low the blood sugar drops and how drastically the adrenal glands respond.

If the blood sugar drops too low, the nervous system is in jeopardy. The brain relies on blood sugar for its functioning, and if it is deprived of it, it cannot continue. This is what happens when a diabetic gets an overdose of insulin. All the sugar enters the cells. There is none readily available for the brain, so the person lapses into a coma. Though such a drastic drop in blood sugar is not usually experienced by the hypoglycemic, the decrease is still interpreted as a danger signal, and the adrenal glands usually respond by secreting adrenalin. This helps mobilize stored glucose from the liver, but it also sets off a general alarm, alerting the whole body as for emergency action. One may feel ap- prehensive, tremulous and find that his/her heart is beating rapidly, his/her hands are be- coming cold and clammy and s/he is breathing in a rapid and shallow way. How severe these symptoms are depends on how low the blood sugar drops and how drastically the adrenal glands respond.

Though hypoglycemia may be one aspect of the development of any of a variety of disorders, it cannot itself be called the “cause” of anything. It is rather one symptom in a chain of events that may have begun with the improper selection of food, along with lack of rest or exercise, etc., and continues to worsen as these bad habits are continued.

Though hypoglycemia may be one aspect of the development of any of a variety of disorders, it cannot itself be called the “cause” of anything. It is rather one symptom in a chain of events that may have begun with the improper selection of food, along with lack of rest or exercise, etc., and continues to worsen as these bad habits are continued.

73.19. Medical Diagnosis

== Medical Diagnosis ==

 

The generally accepted method of diagnosis of this condition is the glucose tolerance test. This is usually carried out in the following manner. For three days, a high-carbo- hydrate diet is eaten. On the fourth day, the level of blood sugar is tested in a fasting state, and a drink containing a great amount of sugar is given. Then, on an hourly basis, blood samples are drawn and checked for sugar content. The test continues for five to six hours. Typically, in a hypoglycemic, the blood sugar level does not increase at the normal rate. The initial rise is followed by a steep fall to below-fasting levels.

The generally accepted method of diagnosis of this condition is the glucose tolerance test. This is usually carried out in the following manner. For three days, a high-carbo- hydrate diet is eaten. On the fourth day, the level of blood sugar is tested in a fasting state, and a drink containing a great amount of sugar is given. Then, on an hourly basis, blood samples are drawn and checked for sugar content. The test continues for five to six hours. Typically, in a hypoglycemic, the blood sugar level does not increase at the normal rate. The initial rise is followed by a steep fall to below-fasting levels.

In this case, diagnosis is really a useless tool. All the physician has to do is to instruct his patient how to live for total health and all symptoms of ill health will disappear when a healthier lifestyle is adhered to.

In this case, diagnosis is really a useless tool. All the physician has to do is to instruct his patient how to live for total health and all symptoms of ill health will disappear when a healthier lifestyle is adhered to.

73.20. Medical Treatment

== Medical Treatment ==

 

In acute or severe episodes of hypoglycemia with central nervous system symptoms, physicians usually recommend ingestion of oral glucose or sucrose. This relieves the symptoms by flooding the blood with glucose but it also stimulates the pancreas to se- crete another dose of insulin and the blood sugar is reduced to even lower levels than

In acute or severe episodes of hypoglycemia with central nervous system symptoms, physicians usually recommend ingestion of oral glucose or sucrose. This relieves the symptoms by flooding the blood with glucose but it also stimulates the pancreas to se- crete another dose of insulin and the blood sugar is reduced to even lower levels than

Generally, the hypoglycemic patient is advised to adhere to a low-carbohydrate diet similar to that of the diabetic. Basically, this means eating from four to six small meals a day, each of them containing a generous amount of protein. Sugar in any form is com- pletely forbidden. Besides no ice cream and cake, this means no processed foods of any kind to which sugar has been added. Coffee, tea and alcoholic beverages are also forbid- den.

Generally, the hypoglycemic patient is advised to adhere to a low-carbohydrate diet similar to that of the diabetic. Basically, this means eating from four to six small meals a day, each of them containing a generous amount of protein. Sugar in any form is com- pletely forbidden. Besides no ice cream and cake, this means no processed foods of any kind to which sugar has been added. Coffee, tea and alcoholic beverages are also forbid- den.

73.21. Concentrated Sugar

== Concentrated Sugar ==

 

The body is really not set up to handle concentrated sugars. Although ‘sugar’ (not re- fined) is the fuel that runs our entire body, using concentrated forms of sugar found in pastries, pies, sugar-coated cereals, candy, etc., overloads the delicate control mecha- nism and the pancreas overreacts by producing too much insulin. There will then be a signal for food and too often a wrong choice is made when this need is acute. Thus a vicious circle is established with general effects upon our entire system and all the atten- dant symptoms resulting from it. Often, too little fruits and vegetables are used. Instead, the convenience-type foods take over a large percentage of the daily intake.

The body is really not set up to handle concentrated sugars. Although ‘sugar’ (not re- fined) is the fuel that runs our entire body, using concentrated forms of sugar found in pastries, pies, sugar-coated cereals, candy, etc., overloads the delicate control mecha- nism and the pancreas overreacts by producing too much insulin. There will then be a signal for food and too often a wrong choice is made when this need is acute. Thus a vicious circle is established with general effects upon our entire system and all the atten- dant symptoms resulting from it. Often, too little fruits and vegetables are used. Instead, the convenience-type foods take over a large percentage of the daily intake.

73.22. Conversion Mechanism

== Conversion Mechanism ==

 

The sugar that the body cannot use as energy when it has been acted upon by insulin will be converted to glycogen, and is stored in the liver and muscles; or what cannot be stored as glycogen will be converted to fat.

The sugar that the body cannot use as energy when it has been acted upon by insulin will be converted to glycogen, and is stored in the liver and muscles; or what cannot be stored as glycogen will be converted to fat.

If the glycogen conversion mechanism is not working well, the body has a backup mechanism. This consists of the conversion of amino acids and triglycerides into a fuel. Amino acids are capable of being converted to glucose but do so at the expense of tissue repair and making of enzymes, hormones and other essential processes which require amino acids. Since it is a kind of emergency assistance, you can easily imagine how the body suffers if this must take place on a continual basis.

If the glycogen conversion mechanism is not working well, the body has a backup mechanism. This consists of the conversion of amino acids and triglycerides into a fuel. Amino acids are capable of being converted to glucose but do so at the expense of tissue repair and making of enzymes, hormones and other essential processes which require amino acids. Since it is a kind of emergency assistance, you can easily imagine how the body suffers if this must take place on a continual basis.

Carbohydrates are converted to glucose in the gastrointestinal tract and absorbed into the bloodstream where they then pass on to the liver. If there is too much glucose, the liver will convert it to glycogen and store it until needed. When blood glucose levels drop, a hormone from the adrenals (epinephrine) facilitates the conversion back to glu- cose.

Carbohydrates are converted to glucose in the gastrointestinal tract and absorbed into the bloodstream where they then pass on to the liver. If there is too much glucose, the liver will convert it to glycogen and store it until needed. When blood glucose levels drop, a hormone from the adrenals (epinephrine) facilitates the conversion back to glucose.

 

 

 

Several important hormones play significant roles in maintaining blood glucose balance: 1. Cortisol (hydrocortisone) and cortisone

 

Cortisol and cortisone belong to a class of steroid hormones synthesized in the cortex of the adrenal glands, known as glucocorticoids. They have a primary effect on carbohy- drate, protein and lipid metabolism. They are in many ways antagonistic to insulin. They elevate blood glucose and increase production of glucose from protein.

# Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)  This Hormone is liberated by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the cortex  of the adrenal glands. If too little of this hormone is secreted, the adrenal glands will se- crete too little of their hormones and if ACTH is present in too large amounts, adrenal hormones will be secreted in too large amounts.

Many of these mechanisms are dependent upon hormones, and particularly upon adrenal hormones. Many physicians are convinced that the single most common cause of hypoglycemia is a poorly functioning adrenal system,. However, we must also ask, “What caused the adrenal system to go amuck?” It is the same reason that caused the hypoglycemia and other symptoms. That is, general enervation and toxicosis. Underlying causes must be sought. You must stop treating symptoms and begin correcting the errors behind the symptoms.

# Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)  Growth hormone is the only hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that does not  exert its effect on other endocrine glands. Growth hormone or somatotropin is a pro- tein. It stimulates growth, increases protein synthesis, decreases carbohydrate utilization, and increases fat catabolism. Because somatotropin suppresses carbohydrate utilization, blood glucose increases, stimulating insulin secretion. Two factors from the hypothal- amus control secretion: the growth hormone releasing factor and the growth hormone release inhibiting factor. During protein deficiency, growth hormone secretion increases as it does when the blood sugar level falls. Exercise increases secretion also.

In times of stress, small amounts of epinephrine (adrenaline) are discharged from

Cortisol and cortisone belong to a class of steroid hormones synthesized in the cortex of the adrenal glands, known as glucocorticoids. They have a primary effect on carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. They are in many ways antagonistic to insulin. They elevate blood glucose and increase production of glucose from protein.

the adrenal glands into the bloodstream. Epinephrine ultimately causes the release of a flood of glucose molecules from the liver into the bloodstream for quick energy for the muscles. One epinephrine molecule is thought to cause the release of about 30,000 mol- ecules of glucose.

This Hormone is liberated by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the cortex of the adrenal glands. If too little of this hormone is secreted, the adrenal glands will secrete too little of their hormones and if ACTH is present in too large amounts, adrenal hormones will be secreted in too large amounts.

5. Thyroid Hormones

Growth hormone is the only hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that does not  exert its effect on other endocrine glands. Growth hormone or somatotropin is a protein. It stimulates growth, increases protein synthesis, decreases carbohydrate utilization, and increases fat catabolism. Because somatotropin suppresses carbohydrate utilization, blood glucose increases, stimulating insulin secretion. Two factors from the hypothalamus control secretion: the growth hormone releasing factor and the growth hormone release inhibiting factor. During protein deficiency, growth hormone secretion increases as it does when the blood sugar level falls. Exercise increases secretion also.

Thyroxine and triodothyronine are two chemically similar hormones secreted by the

In times of stress, small amounts of epinephrine (adrenaline) are discharged from the adrenal glands into the bloodstream. Epinephrine ultimately causes the release of a flood of glucose molecules from the liver into the bloodstream for quick energy for the muscles. One epinephrine molecule is thought to cause the release of about 30,000 mol- ecules of glucose.

thyroid gland. Both have the same physiological effect on tissues. The most obvious effect they have is to increase the rate at which cells burn glucose. They also work in “partnership” with cortisol in defending the body against stress resulting from extreme cold. In general, thyroxine comes into play when there is an extra demand for energy.

Thyroxine and triodothyronine are two chemically similar hormones secreted by the thyroid gland. Both have the same physiological effect on tissues. The most obvious effect they have is to increase the rate at which cells burn glucose. They also work in “partnership” with cortisol in defending the body against stress resulting from extreme cold. In general, thyroxine comes into play when there is an extra demand for energy.

As you can see, there is an intricate relationship between all bodily parts and the disfunction of one affects all. The more you study physiology, the more you realize the foolishness of treating symptoms. They are merely indications of systemic impairment.

As you can see, there is an intricate relationship between all bodily parts and the disfunction of one affects all. The more you study physiology, the more you realize the foolishness of treating symptoms. They are merely indications of systemic impairment.

73.24. Progression Of Hypoglycemia

== Progression Of Hypoglycemia ==

 

A vicious cycle begins to emerge when repeated errors of diet are made. These errors do not always result in hypoglycemia, but they can. In some persons, severe symptoms will arise elsewhere.

A vicious cycle begins to emerge when repeated errors of diet are made. These errors do not always result in hypoglycemia, but they can. In some persons, severe symptoms will arise elsewhere.

However, in the person demonstrating symptoms of hypoglycemia, this is what hap- pens:

However, in the person demonstrating symptoms of hypoglycemia, this is what happens:

 

At this point, blood sugar levels are below normal and the signs of hypoglycemia are present: fatigue, headaches, irritability, etc. This will often be “cured” by the consump- tion of either a concentrated sugar product or an adrenal stimulant such as coffee, cola or nicotine. The cycle is repeated over and over, thus resulting in enervation of bodi- ly organs and glands and toxic accumulation from the refined sugar products and other wastes.

A concentrated sugar-containing food is consumed. Blood sugar begins to rise rapidly. Because of the intense sugar concentration of the food resulting in an abrupt rise in blood sugar, the pancreas is stimulated to produce a large amount of insulin needed to dispense the sugar. If the adrenals do not quickly produce a counter-balancing hormone to signal the end of insulin production, it is possible that blood sugar levels will fall be- low an acceptable level.

73.25. The Liver

At this point, blood sugar levels are below normal and the signs of hypoglycemia are present: fatigue, headaches, irritability, etc. This will often be “cured” by the consumption of either a concentrated sugar product or an adrenal stimulant such as coffee, cola or nicotine. The cycle is repeated over and over, thus resulting in enervation of bodily organs and glands and toxic accumulation from the refined sugar products and other wastes.

An organ in the body that plays a great part in the blood sugar regulation is the liver. It is in the liver that sugar is converted to glycogen for storage, then stored in the liver as well as muscle tissue, and, as needed, converted back into sugar again. It is easy to see the importance of good liver function for proper blood sugar levels.

An organ in the body that plays a great part in the blood sugar regulation is the liver. It is in the liver that sugar is converted to glycogen for storage, then stored in the liver as well as muscle tissue, and, as needed, converted back into sugar again. It is easy to see the importance of good liver function for proper blood sugar levels.

There is no real reason why a flood of sugar has to be delivered to the bloodstream or to the liver. Whether it is or not depends on what kind of carbohydrate was eaten. White sugar is rapidly absorbed from the intestine and immediately floods the blood with glu- cose. On the other hand, carbohydrates in the form of fruits are absorbed more slowly owing to their more complex nature, and are therefore taken into the blood more slowly and the pancreas is not unduly stressed.

There is no real reason why a flood of sugar has to be delivered to the bloodstream or to the liver. Whether it is or not depends on what kind of carbohydrate was eaten. White sugar is rapidly absorbed from the intestine and immediately floods the blood with glu- cose. On the other hand, carbohydrates in the form of fruits are absorbed more slowly owing to their more complex nature, and are therefore taken into the blood more slowly and the pancreas is not unduly stressed.

73.26. Hyperinsulinism

== Hyperinsulinism ==

 

Hyperinsulinism is another term that is often used synonymously with hypoglycemia. (However, hypoglycemia is not necessarily accompanied by hyperinsulinism.) This term simply means too much insulin in the blood. Another interesting tie-in of the adrenal glands and the pancreas is seen here. When the amount of insulin necessary to do the job on a given amount of sugar has been secreted, it is the job of an adrenal hormone to send a message to the pancreas to stop producing insulin. A sluggish adrenal will be late in this function, thus allowing an overproduction of insulin with a resultant excessive low- ering of the blood sugar. Epinephrine and norepinephrine act directly on the pancreatic islets to inhibit insulin secretion.

Hyperinsulinism is another term that is often used synonymously with hypoglycemia. (However, hypoglycemia is not necessarily accompanied by hyperinsulinism.) This term simply means too much insulin in the blood. Another interesting tie-in of the adrenal glands and the pancreas is seen here. When the amount of insulin necessary to do the job on a given amount of sugar has been secreted, it is the job of an adrenal hormone to send a message to the pancreas to stop producing insulin. A sluggish adrenal will be late in this function, thus allowing an overproduction of insulin with a resultant excessive low- ering of the blood sugar. Epinephrine and norepinephrine act directly on the pancreatic islets to inhibit insulin secretion.

73.27. What To Do If You Have Symptoms Of Hypoglycemia

== What To Do If You Have Symptoms Of Hypoglycemia ==

 

Fasting is the best way to quickly eliminate the toxemia that resulted in your hypo- glycemic symptoms. Through the fast you will give your body the rest that it needs to carry on its job of cleansing and repairing.

Fasting is the best way to quickly eliminate the toxemia that resulted in your hypo- glycemic symptoms. Through the fast you will give your body the rest that it needs to carry on its job of cleansing and repairing.

In addition, you should not neglect the other conditions for health such as proper ex- ercise, fresh air, sunshine, emotional poise, rest and sleep. This is the only way to regain health and correct this condition of disturbed physiology.

In addition, you should not neglect the other conditions for health such as proper ex- ercise, fresh air, sunshine, emotional poise, rest and sleep. This is the only way to regain health and correct this condition of disturbed physiology.

73.28. Questions & Answers

== Questions & Answers ==

 

Does the pancreas have any reserve capacity after it has been partially destroyed?

Does the pancreas have any reserve capacity after it has been partially destroyed?

What led Dr. Douglass to try the raw food regimen? “My rationale was that since early man lived entirely on raw food, perhaps such a diet would be less stress- ful to the human system in general and less diabetogenic than a cooked food diet.” Raw vegetables, seeds, nuts, berries, melons and other fruits and part of Dr. Dou- glass program.

What led Dr. Douglass to try the raw food regimen? “My rationale was that since early man lived entirely on raw food, perhaps such a diet would be less stress- ful to the human system in general and less diabetogenic than a cooked food diet.” Raw vegetables, seeds, nuts, berries, melons and other fruits and part of Dr. Dou- glass program.

Article #1: Diabetes Mellitus by Dr. Herbert M. Shelton

== Article #1: Diabetes Mellitus by Dr. Herbert M. Shelton ==

 

This is the name given to a group of symptoms that center around an impairment of car- bohydrate metabolism. Commonly we are told that it is a disease of the pancreas, but it is coming to be realized that it is a disturbance of the metabolic process involving the entire organism and not strictly localized in any one organ. It is, in other words, a man- ifestation of a systemic derangement and, however important the pathology in the pan- creas may be, this is secondary to the systemic derangement which has resulted in the disease of the pancreas.

This is the name given to a group of symptoms that center around an impairment of car- bohydrate metabolism. Commonly we are told that it is a disease of the pancreas, but it is coming to be realized that it is a disturbance of the metabolic process involving the entire organism and not strictly localized in any one organ. It is, in other words, a man- ifestation of a systemic derangement and, however important the pathology in the pan- creas may be, this is secondary to the systemic derangement which has resulted in the disease of the pancreas.

All enervating influences and habits must be corrected or removed. Sufficient rest for restoration of nerve energy is imperative. A fast, not merely to give the pancreas a rest, but of sufficient duration to free the body of its load of toxins, must be followed by a diet that is designed to produce all possible regeneration in the pancreatic gland. Feeding that is designed merely to cause the disappearance of sugar from the urine may speedily kill the patient. After health is restored the patient must be taught to live within his compensating capacity.

All enervating influences and habits must be corrected or removed. Sufficient rest for restoration of nerve energy is imperative. A fast, not merely to give the pancreas a rest, but of sufficient duration to free the body of its load of toxins, must be followed by a diet that is designed to produce all possible regeneration in the pancreatic gland. Feeding that is designed merely to cause the disappearance of sugar from the urine may speedily kill the patient. After health is restored the patient must be taught to live within his compensating capacity.

Article #2: Diabetes

== Article #2: Diabetes ==

 

In spite of the optimistic expectations with which Banting’s discovery of insulin was her- alded, this drug has proved to be nothing more than another palliative. It has contributed nothing towards the radical solution of the problem of diabetes. On the contrary, satis- faction with the palliation which insulin affords has tended to discourage further search for a genuine solution of the problems presented by this disease. Physicians and patients alike seem to be wholly satisfied to go on using insulin and ignoring all else.

In spite of the optimistic expectations with which Banting’s discovery of insulin was her- alded, this drug has proved to be nothing more than another palliative. It has contributed nothing towards the radical solution of the problem of diabetes. On the contrary, satis- faction with the palliation which insulin affords has tended to discourage further search for a genuine solution of the problems presented by this disease. Physicians and patients alike seem to be wholly satisfied to go on using insulin and ignoring all else.